The Kirkpatrick Training Model for Training Assessment

The classic training model used widely in industry and government today is based on the work of Professor Donald L. Kirkpatrick of the University of Wisconsin.

Kirkpatrick Level 1 or Reaction data typically includes "learn-ability" data collected from trainees (e.g., learning preferences, instructional delivery, job-relatedness, training efficacy, instructor competence) and "teach-ability" data collected from instructors (e.g., trainee readiness, job-relatedness, instructional design, materials accuracy and suitability, training facility adequacy, as well as other reactions to the training event and its delivery).

Kirkpatrick Level 2 or Learning and Achievement data, usually assessed through a comprehensive testing program, measures the extent to which trainees changed attitudes, improved knowledge and/or increased skills as a result of participating in the training.

Kirkpatrick Level 3 or Behavior and Performance data, determines the extent to which changes in behavior and job performance have occurred as a result of the training event. Level 3 data is usually collected between 3 and 6 months after the training event and involves both student and manager's evaluation of changes in job related activities.

Kirkpatrick Level 4 or Organizational Results and Impact data, measures the mission-related outcomes considered indicative of training success that occurred as a result of participants having participated in the training event.

A Level 5 model is also proposed for use in some quarters. Although not the work of Dr. Kirkpatrick, this model attempts to measure the ROI achieved through improved performance resulting from the training. This would be accomplished by defining the value of the improved performance relative to the cost of obtaining that improvement through training. The improved performance could be calculated at the individual, unit or organizational level.